![]() įollowing A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958), Suddenly, Last Summer was the third of Williams' plays to be adapted for the screen that dealt with the subject of homosexuality, although it was far more explicit in its treatment than either of the previous films were allowed to be under the Motion Picture Production Code. Vidal attempted to construct the narrative as a small number of very long scenes, echoing the structure of the play. The work was adapted for the screen by Gore Vidal though Williams also received credit, he later said that he had nothing to do with the film. Suddenly, Last Summer is based on a one-act play by Tennessee Williams that originally was paired with Something Unspoken as part of the 1958 off-Broadway double-bill titled Garden District. Cukrowicz returns outside and calls to Catherine and she turns around and grabs his hand and they walk away. As Cukrowicz turns away, the hospital administrator quickly asks if there could be any truth in what Catherine said. Violet Venable walks away rambling while mistaking Cukrowicz for Sebastian. Catherine breaks down screaming and crying as she recalls the horror. According to Catherine, the boys tore Sebastian apart and ate pieces of his flesh like goblins. In the meantime, Catherine had been frantically trying to catch up with Sebastian, but she reached him only to see him overwhelmed by the boys. He was finally cornered among the ruins of a temple on a hilltop. ![]() Sebastian attempted to flee, but the boys swarmed around him at every turn. When Sebastian rejected them, they pursued him through the streets of the town. One "scorching white-hot day", Sebastian and Catherine were beset by a team of boys begging for money. Because the boys are desperate for money, Sebastian was successful in his efforts however, he began to make plans to depart for Northern Europe. Catherine recalls how she and Sebastian spent their days on the beach in the Spanish town of Cabeza de Lobo and reveals that Sebastian was using her to attract young men in order for him to seduce them. In a last-ditch effort to help Catherine, Cukrowicz takes her to the Venable estate where he administers a drug that will allow her to overcome any resistance to remembering what happened that summer. In the ensuing confrontation, Catherine tries to get her aunt to reveal Sebastian’s true nature, vaguely hinting that he was homosexual. Venable will pay them a large sum of money if they sign papers to commit Catherine to the institution and allow a lobotomy to be performed. ![]() Catherine's mother, and brother, pay her a visit there and reveal that Mrs. Venable claims, Cukrowicz moves Catherine into the state hospital for observation. Catherine has been confined to a private women's mental institution since returning from Europe several months earlier, after suffering a severe shock from the events surrounding Sebastian's death.īeginning to doubt that Catherine is as deranged as Mrs. Venable describes him as a sensitive poet and recounts her travels with him. Cukrowicz, and their conversation deals rather with Sebastian. Hockstader, by offering to finance a new wing for the underfunded facility if he promises that his brilliant young surgeon John Cukrowicz will treat her niece. Toward that end, she attempts to bribe the state hospital's administrator, Lawrence J. The late Sebastian's wealthy mother, Violet Venable, makes every effort to deny and suppress the potentially sordid truth about her son and his demise. In 1937 New Orleans, Catherine Holly is a young woman institutionalized for a severe emotional disturbance that occurred when her cousin, Sebastian Venable, died under strange circumstances while they were on summer holiday in Europe. The supporting cast features Albert Dekker, Mercedes McCambridge, and Gary Raymond. The film stars Elizabeth Taylor, Katharine Hepburn, and Montgomery Clift with Albert Dekker, Mercedes McCambridge, and Gary Raymond. The plot centers on a young woman who, at the insistence of her wealthy aunt, is being evaluated by a psychiatric doctor to receive a lobotomy after witnessing the death of her cousin Sebastian Venable while travelling with him in Spain the previous summer. The musical score was composed by Buxton Orr, using themes by Malcolm Arnold. Mankiewicz and produced by Sam Spiegel from a screenplay by Gore Vidal and Williams with cinematography by Jack Hildyard and production design by Oliver Messel. Suddenly, Last Summer is a 1959 Southern Gothic mystery film based on the 1958 play of the same name by Tennessee Williams.
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![]() ![]() The concept that what’s meant to happen will happen and one has no control or power over it is only half true because with this notion, it means destiny and freewill are mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive (“MECE” as we call it), and one can only believe in one but not the other (which is wrong, by the way). Popular culture has distorted destiny from its true meaning. Want to stay ahead of the art world? Subscribe to our newsletter to get the breaking news, eye-opening interviews, and incisive critical takes that drive the conversation forward.It always gets tricky with this question. Scientific tests conducted in 2012 ruled conclusively that the lamp was made from cow skin. After Hurricane Katrina, a mysterious lamp surfaced in New Orleans along with unconfirmed rumors that it bore one of the legendary Buchenwald lampshades. ![]() In 2010, New York magazine published an excerpt from Mark Jacobson’s The Lampshade: A Holocaust Detective Story from Buchenwald to New Orleans. Many believe that Ilse Koch, the wife of a Nazi commandant, collected lampshades made from skin harvested from Jews killed at the Buchenwald concentration camp. Family members might also use the practice as a means of memorializing a dead loved one.īooks aren’t the only objects that have purportedly utilized human skin in unexpectedly macabre ways. During the 19th century, when the corpses of executed criminals were donated to scientists, their skins would often make their way to bookbinders. While it is still theoretically possible that the cover could be made of great ape and gibbon, it seems unlikely based on the book’s provenance.Ī book bound in human skin may seem unthinkably grotesque today, but the practice appears to date back to the 16th century. “The PMF from Des destinées de l’ame matched the human reference, and clearly eliminated other common parchment sources, such as sheep, cattle, and goat,” said Bill Lane, the director of the Harvard Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Resource Laboratory, and Daniel Kirby, of the Straus Center for Conservation and Technical Studies, in an interview with the Houghton Library Blog. The methods used to test the book binding included a protein-identifying technique called peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to analyze amino acid order. According to the New York Times, both the other editions were found to be sourced from comparatively more pedestrian sheepskin in April. “A book about the human soul deserved to have a human covering.” He didn’t mark the cover with a title or author, because he wanted to “preserve its elegance”.Įven more shocking, the Harvard library alone had two other candidates for the dubious distinction of being a rare example of anthropodermic bibliopegy, or books bound in human flesh. What could have inspired Bouland to do such a thing? “I had kept this piece of human skin taken from the back of a woman,” he wrote on an inscription inside the tome. Bouland embellished the book with a special binding, made from skin taken from the body of an unclaimed female mental patient-and even though she died of natural causes, it’s still quite disturbing. ![]() Allegedly the author, Arsène Houssaye, gave the book to his friend, Ludovic Bouland, in the mid-1880s. The book was donated to the school in 1934. Scientists have confirmed that a copy of Des destinees de l’ame (Destinies of the Soul) owned by Harvard University’s Houghton Library is, as has long been rumored, bound in human skin, reports the BBC. ![]() Choose the device to which the route should be downloaded. In the list Choose your device you can see all the Garmin devices that are connected to your PC or Mac.After installing, repeat steps 2 and 3 again. You only have to do the installation once. Below this message you will find a link to the installation files. The first time you do this, you will see a message that the Garmin Communicator Plugin (Windows/Mac) and the Garmin USB driver software (Windows only) have to be installed first.On the next page, click on Download the route to my Garmin device.Go to the route of your choice and click on the Download button.Connect your Garmin device to your PC or Mac with a USB cable or serial cable and, if required, turn on the device.Installation of a Garmin GPS device on a PC or Mac for usage on RouteYou How to download a route on to your Garmin device You can find more information about the installation and possible problems you may encounter on the following page: Otherwise the route download page cannot access your device and it will not be possible to download routes from that page directly on to your device. Other sources and websites with information on Garmin devicesĭownload routes directly on to your Garmin device How to use the Garmin download module on the product pageīefore you can download routes from the RouteYou website directly on to your Garmin device, your device first has to be installed correctly in order to enable its usage on websites.Specific information about Garmin devices.Placing itineraries on your Garmin with Basecamp.Manually placing itineraries on your Garmin.How to download a route on to your Garmin device.How to use the Garmin download module on the product page.Download routes directly on to your Garmin device.The Garmin Communicator Plugin offers you the possibility to quickly update map details or download new ones for your Garmin GPS device, from any website that integrates the Garmin Communicator API.Īt the same time, the plug-in offers support when you want to register your device on the Garmin website: the Garmin Communicator Plugin helps you establish a connection quickly, without too much hustle.Download route on Garmin Table of contents Streamlined solution for transferring data to a Garmin GPS device directly from your browser However, in some cases additional USB drivers are required: if the plug-in test page states that the installation process was successful but is not detecting your device, you should try installing the latest Garmin USB drivers. As a result, you have the opportunity to quickly send information to any device connected to your Mac. Once the installation process is over, any website that offers support for the Garmin Communicator Plugin API will automatically recognize your device. Transfer data from various websites to your Garmin device ![]() The plug-in is designed to work with 4 popular web browsers: Safari, Google Chrome, Firefox, and Internet Explorer. ![]() Noteworthy is that Garmin Communicator Plugin will be integrated within your web browser, so for the process to be successful, you need to quit all opened browser apps. Follow the on-screen instructions and the installer will take care of the rest. Since Garmin Communicator Plugin comes with its own installer, all you have to do is download the archive, mount the DMG image, and double click on the contained package. Quick to install Garmin plug-in that integrates with popular web browsers This way, you can easily upload new maps, copy training data, and much more. Garmin Communicator Plugin is a very easy to install web browser plug-in designed to facilitate the data transfer between your Mac and various Garmin GPS devices. update(self): Once we have the direction that the user wants the snake to move, we can update the game state.Again, this function takes self since Python requires it to. We'll be using the accelerometer for this which means that the user will be tilting the device to make the snake move. Handle_input(self): This function gets input from the user and uses it to change the direction of the snake. This means we can use it to access the state that's part of the class. This argument is a Python requirement for functions that are part of a class, and represents the instance of the class. You may notice that it takes an argument, self. For example, we need an initial position for the snake and a direction it will first be heading. The function will initialise our variables ready for the game to run. We'll see an example of creating an instance later on. _init_(self): This is a special Python function that is called when an "instance" of a class is created. Our class has a few different functions that we'll have to write. game = Snake ()Ī class is a handy way of keeping some state, like the position of our snake, alongside the functions that operate on it. Let's take a look at each part of the code to figure out what it does.Ĭlass Snake : """ This class contains the functions that operate on our game as well as the state of the game. Find it at this link and copy the contents into the create.withcode editor. To make it easier to get started, we'll be working from a skeleton file. So in theory, if we can build all these components, then we should have a snake game! Skeleton code In the video this happens when the snake crashes into itself, losing the game.Some randomly generated food on a cell.The snake has a direction (up, down, left, right).The snake occupies some cells of the grid (you can think of it as a list of co-ordinates).The grid has cells, which can be identified by their X and Y co-ordinates.Just in case it doesn't appear for you, you can play it here. Snakeįun fact - if you go to Google and search for "snake", a snake game should appear. You can drag this file to the "MICROBIT" device in your file manager to program it.īefore we start looking at some code, let's take a quick detour to look at the game of Snake. If you are working with a physical micro:bit, then the "Download HEX" button in the top-left of the pop-up will allow you to download the file you need to program your micro:bit. Your code will be running on the virtual micro:bit you can see, and there are tabs along the top for your to control various inputs to the device, which will become important later. Running your code will produce a pop-up that looks like the below. You can access these backups by clicking the "+" button in the lower-right corner then clicking the button that looks like a clock. Your editor will auto-backup your code to your computer. Alternatively, you can run your code by pressing Ctrl+ Enter. In the lower-right corner (2) is a button to run your code which looks like a green triangle. Most of the screen (1) is taken up with the editor. When you do, you should see a screen like the one below. Whether you have a micro:bit or not, the first step is to open the create.withcode editor. If you don't already have one, don't worry! There are simulators available online and you'll be able to follow along with this whole tutorial. ![]() ![]() They're also pretty cheap (£20/$20 at time of writing on Amazon), and programming them is as simple as dragging a file to a USB stick. It comes with an LED grid (for a screen), an accelerometer (to detect motion), electrical outputs (for controlling motors, lights etc) and a bunch of other cool features. Simulator only: How to test with the accelerometerĪ micro:bit is a tiny computer that you can program in Python. |
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